In 1878, the major European powers met in Germany to discuss territorial disputes. The Congress of Berlin assigned regions to different empires. Bosnia-Herzegovina, for example, was given to Austria-Hungary. (This post is a companion piece to Melina Druga’s WWI Trilogy, Angel of Mercy, Those Left Behind and Adjustment Year, available wherever eBooks are sold.)
It soon became clear that there were problems with this arrangement. The powers could not incur new territory without risking war with another country. Russia, especially, felt slighted.
In response, nations established alliances in the hopes of balancing power.
The Main Alliances
The alliances formed before the war changed over time and over the course of the conflict. Here are the major ones:
Dual Alliance (1879): An agreement between Austria-Hungary and Germany to protect themselves from war with Russia.
The Triple Alliance (1882): Between Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy over territory in the Balkans.
Franco-Russian Alliance (1891): Changed and modified over time, the alliance was never satisfying to either France or Russia. It was intended to counter-balance the Triple Alliance.
The Entente Cordiale (1904): An alliance between Great Britain and France, meant to balance any alliance Germany made with its allies.
Anglo-Russian Entente (1907): Between Great Britain and Russia, it settled territorial claims in Asia.
Triple Entente (1907): Between Britain, France and Russia, these nations became the Allies when war began seven years later.
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Updated: 23 October 2020
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